Understanding the Causes and Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting over 500 million people worldwide. Characterized by the gradual breakdown of joint cartilage, it leads to pain, stiffness and limited mobility. This article explains the underlying causes of OA and the most effective treatment options available today.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder where cartilage, the smooth tissue that cushions the ends of bones, wears away over time. Without this protective layer, bones grind against each other, causing pain and inflammation. It most frequently affects the knees, hips, hands and spine.

Key symptoms include joint pain during or after movement, stiffness (especially in the morning), swelling or tenderness, and a decreased range of motion.

Age-related degeneration: cartilage naturally wears down as we age, and most OA cases occur in people aged 50 and above. Joint injuries and overuse from sports, workplace strain, or repetitive movements can increase the risk of OA, even years after the initial trauma. Excess weight places added stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, accelerating cartilage breakdown, and a family history of OA can predispose individuals to developing the condition earlier or more severely.

Non-surgical treatments include physical therapy, NSAIDs and acetaminophen for pain and inflammation, and corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections for temporary relief. Lifestyle changes such as weight management and low-impact activities like swimming, cycling and yoga keep joints mobile without overburdening them. For severe cases, surgical interventions such as arthroscopy or full joint replacement can restore mobility and alleviate pain.

OA is a lifelong condition, but proactive management can minimize its impact. Regular check-ups, adherence to prescribed treatments, and maintaining a positive mindset are key. For personalized advice, consult with one of our orthopedic specialists today.